Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Above-Ground Biomass and Species Diversity of Grassland in the Altay Forest Area

Grasslands in the Altay Mountains are main part of grassland ecosystem Xinjiang, and spatial distribution patterns species diversity biomass have changed significantly due to combined effects climate change anthropogenic disturbances. To clarify point factors on biomass, this study investigated vegetation status 41 sample plots grasslands forest area. The Margalef richness index, Simpson dominance Shannon–Wiener Alatalo evenness index α-diversity measure were used analyze changing characteristics explore above-ground biomass. results show following: (1) area shows a clear pattern, with gradually decreasing from northeast southwest; altitude gradient “single-peak” pattern decrease followed by an increase, largest at 1400–1800 m. (2) There was significant “bimodal” variation between cover, which correlated elevation (p < 0.05) but not latitude longitude. (3) Except for trend indexes showed high low southwest, highest overall average Qiaoati site. (4) all latitude, altitude, longitude, cover 0.05); upward spiral increasing longitude “S” pattern. Elevation, environmental affecting Altay. provide data support management maintenance area, as well ecological security northwest arid zone China.